For years, it has been known that resveratrol is one of the most effective anti-aging compounds studied. Beneficial effects on lifespan have been demonstrated across many research organisms, including worms and flies. In 2003, resveratrol was identified as a molecule which could activate SIRT1, mimicking the life extending benefits shown by calorie restriction. Furthermore, resveratrol also activates the anti-aging Nrf2 pathway, and AMPK which enhances NAD+ availability. (1) Cellular NAD+ levels are linked to longevity.
In a new study, the silkworm was used to further illustrate the life extending effects of resveratrol via significant improvement of antioxidant activity.. Oxidation is a key factor is anti-aging and shortening of the lifespan.(2)
Resveratrol was shown to activate antioxidant function in the silkworm via increased activity of the GST enzyme, key in the antioxidant enzyme system.
RESVERATROL ACTIVATES the GST Antioxidant System via
This research further validates the beneficial life extending benefits of resveratrol.
PURPLE LONGEVITY (Resveratrol : Pterostilbene)
REFERENCES:
(1) Li Z, et al. Aging and age‐related diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Biogerontology. 2021 Jan
(2) Song J, et al. Resveratrol elongates the lifespan and improves antioxidant activity in the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Pharm Anal. 2021 Jun
Boosting longevity is a function of many different attributes. Key among these are activating longevity genes (SIRT1 and FOXO) and decreasing levels of oxidative stress.
ACTIVATING LONGEVITY GENES -
BILBERRY ANTHOCYANINS (Blue Color)
GRAPE SEED EXTRACT (GSE) (5-8)
N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (GLUTATHIONE BOOSTER) (9-11)
=> (RESVERATROL | PTEROSTILBENE | LINGONBERRY)
REFERENCES:
(1) Li Y, et al. Effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on aging and longevity. Biofactors. 2018 Jan.
(2) Scerbak C, et al. Lowbush cranberry acts through DAF-16/FOXO signaling to promote increased lifespan and axon branching in aging posterior touch receptor neurons. Geroscience. 2018 Apr.
(3) Ryyti R, et al. Beneficial effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory adverse effects induced by high-fat diet in a mouse model of obesity. PLoS One. 2020 May.
(4) Li J, et al. Reduction of Aging-Induced Oxidative Stress and Activation of Autophagy by Bilberry Anthocyanin Supplementation via the AMPK-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Aged Female Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Jul.
(5) Mas-Capdevila A, et al. Changes in arterial blood pressure caused by long-term administration of grape seed proanthocyanidins in rats with established hypertension. Food Funct. 2020 Oct.
(6) Ruan Y, et al. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Cardiac Remodelling After Myocardial Infarction Through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Mice. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Dec.
(7) Kadri S, et al. Protective effect of grape seed extract and orlistat co-treatment against stroke: Effect on oxidative stress and energy failure. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Apr.
(8) Kijima K, et al. Grape seed extract is an aromatase inhibitor and a suppressor of aromatase expression. Cancer Res. 2006 Jun.
(9) Niraula P, et al. N-Acetylcysteine extends lifespan of Drosophila via modulating ROS scavenger gene expression. Biogerontology. 2019 Aug.
(10) McCarty M, et al. Perspective: Prospects for Nutraceutical Support of Intestinal Barrier Function. Adv Nutr. 2021 Mar.
(11) DiNicolantonio J, et al. Supplemental N-acetylcysteine and other measures that boost intracellular glutathione can downregulate interleukin-1β signalling: a potential strategy for preventing cardiovascular events? Open Heart. 2017 Jul.
Lycium Barbarum (LB), also known as wolfberry, has been shown to provide powerful anti-aging effects. Significantly, long term feeding of LB in lab animals have shown increased longevity, eye (retina) support, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), support liver health and boost of intestinal health and immunity.(1)
INCREASING MEAN LIFESPAN
PRESERVING RETINA FUNCTION
PROMOTES INTESTINE HEALTH / IMMUNE RESPONSE
PROTECTS LIVER
VISION VITALITY (Lycium Bararum)
REFERENCES:
(1) Ding Y, et al. Effects of long-term consumption of polysaccharides from the fruit of Lycium barbarum on host's health. Food Res Int. 2021 Jan.
(2) Tang R, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides extend the mean lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Funct. 2019 Jul.
(3) Neelam K, et al. Fructus lycii: A Natural Dietary Supplement for Amelioration of Retinal Diseases. Nutrients. 2021 Jan.
(4) Ding Y, et al. Modulating effects of polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on the immune response and gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
(5) Ding Y, et al. Modulating effects of polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on the immune response and gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Food Funct. 2019 Jun.
(6) Liu R, et al. Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced toxicity in rat liver. Environ Sci Pollut Res Intl. 2021. Jan.
(7) Wang H, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of crude polysaccharide isolated from Lycium barbarum L. against alcohol-induced oxidative damage involves Nrf2 signaling. Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Oct..
PROTEOSTASIS. Defines the ability of the body to maintain the fidelity of biogenesis of protein (non-defective proteins), folding. movement, and removal of old protein aggregates. Especially significant is the removal of old damaged protein aggregates, which are detrimental to the functioning of the cell. Clearing old cellular debris, through a process called autophagy, greatly enhances the youthful functioning of the cell.
CURCUMIN ENHANCES AUTOPHAGY. Lifespan and autophagy are strongly
associated with one another. Calorie restriction, resveratrol and curcumin are known to improve autophagy and increase lifespan. In fact, all life extension mechanisms depend upon the importance of autophagy for clearing cellular damage.(1,2)
Aging affects molecular pathways that influence health and longevity. As a result, there is a reduction of cellular debris clearance (autophagy), decreased the pool of stem cells, increase in inflammation and cellular senescence.
CURCUMIN has been shown to by positively regulate longevity by through important molecular pathways, including IIS, mTOR and FOXO. Curcumin is a powerful activator of the body's antioxidant defense system, as an Nrf2 activator. As an antioxidant, curcumin stabilizes and protects telomeres. Inflammation is also a powerful promoter of aging. Curcumin inhibits the powerful inflammation transcription factor NF-κB and is associated with reduced levels of inflammation.(3) PROTEOSTASIS is impacted by all these aging pathways.(4) Therefore, curcumin supports longevity via aging signaling and proteostasis (autophagy).
Misfolded proteins in the brain are associated with poorly functioning autophagy. Autophagy removes aggregate protein accumulations which is responsible for neurodegeneration. Curcumin, research indicates, may help restore autophagy in the brain, to clear these misfolded proteins. (5) Oleuropein, a component of Olive Oil, in addition to curcumin, is implicated in mitophagy in the brain, removing old and dysfunction mitochondria. (6)
SIRT1 is an enzyme which regulates cellular processes relative to longevity. SIRT1 INCREASES PROTEOSTASIS ,which is an important component of the longevity effect. Natural activators of SIRT1 include Curcumin, Fisetin, Quercetin and Resveratrol.(15)
Cardiac remodeling through failure of autophagy, proteostasis and inflammation are believed to be a root cause of atrial fibrillation. Cardiomyocytes are replaced by non-functional proteins..(12. 13)
With age, cells become replicative scenescent - losing ability to produce new cells. Furthermore, scenescent cells are old cells. Old cells have been shown to lose proteostasis, which further limit the abilty of the cell to respond to external threats and maintain function. Curcumin and pterostilbene(11) helps inhibit cellular scenescence. Fisetin and quercetin are considered senolytics, which are capable of removing scenescent cells. (10) Importantly, recent research also indicates that curcumin also removes scenescent cells.(14)
CURCUMIN PXC® - Incorporates highly bioavailable curcumin Furthermore, Curcumin PXC also includes powerful supplemental ingredients in support of proteostasis.
CURCUMIN PXC® - THE PROTEOSTASIS CURCUMIN®
REFERENCES:
(1) Petrovski G, et al. Does autophagy take a front seat in lifespan extension? J Cell Mol Med. 2010 Nov;14(11):2543-51.
(2) Madeo F, et al. Can autophagy promote longevity? Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Sep;12(9):842-6.
(3) Zia A, et al. The role of curcumin in aging and senescence: Molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020 Dec.
In the field of anti-aging, the flavonoid fisetin is emerging as a potent longevity compound. Fisetin affects the aging process in experimental animals through multiple pathways, including senolytics (removing senescent cells)m SIRT1 activation, calorie restriction mimic and homeostasis.
SENOLYTICS
Senolytics- the rejuvenation of the cellular environment, by eliminating senescent cells. Aging is characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells. These are cells which are irreversibly unable to grow and function and are resistant to normal cellular clearance. Senescent cells not only interfere with normal tissue functioning, but may also be toxic to neighboring cells. Fisetin, has been shown to be a potent senolytic, with the ability to eliminate senescent cells. (1)
REDOX HOMEOSTASIS / IONIC HOMEOSTASIS
SIRTUIN ACTIVATION (SIRT1)
PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (Induction)
NRF2 ACTIVATION
PROTEOSTASIS - ABNORMAL PROTEIN ACCUMULATION / AUTOPHAGY
CURCUMIN PXC (contains Fisetin)
REFERENCES:
(1) Glossmann HH, et al, Metformin and Aging: A Review. Gerontology. 2019. Sept.
(2) Kirkland JL, et al. Cellular Scenescence. A Translational Perspective. EBioMedicine, 2017
(3) van Deursen JM. The role of Scenescent Cells in Ageing. Nature 2014.
(4) Yousefzadeh MJ, et al. Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan. EBioMedicine, 2018
(5) Singh S, et al. Fisetin, a potential calorie restriction mimetic, attenuates senescence biomarkers in rat erythrocytes. Biochem Cell Biol. 2019 Aug
(6) Singh S, et al. Fisetin, a potential calorie restriction mimetic,modulates ionic homeostasis in senescence induced and naturally aged rats. Biochem Cell Biol. 2019 Sept.
(7) Shin-Hae Lee, et al. Sirtuin signaling in cellular senescence and aging. BMB Rep. 2019 Jan
(8) Chen T, et al. Rapamycin and other longevity-promoting compounds enhance the generation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Aging Cell. 2011.
(9) Bai, et al. Small Molecules as SIRT Modulators. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2018.
(10) Zhang H, et al. Nrf2⁻ARE Signaling Acts as Master Pathway for the Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Fisetin. Molecules. 2019 Feb.
(10) Zheng W, et al. Fisetin inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes through activating SIRT1 and attenuates the progression of osteoarthritis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Apr
(11) Simunkova M, et al. Management of oxidative stress and other pathologies in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Aug
(12) Sunhyo K, et al. Fisetin stimulates autophagic degradation of phosphorylated tau via the activation of TFEB and Nrf2 transcription factors Sci Rep. 2016.
Resveratrol has long been known as an natural anti-aging gene activator. The target of this activation is SIRT1. Research now indicates that another extract (ursolic acid) is even more powerful than resveratrol in the activation SIRT1. Furthermore, the extracts ursolic acid and rosmarinic acid promote anti-aging in other ways,, including preservation of the functioning of the hypothalamus (implicated as playing a significant role in the aging process), inhibiting fibrosis (amyloid and tau) and inhibiting NOX2 and NOX4.
URSOLIC ACID
ROSMARINIC ACID
HYPER LONGEVITY (Ursolic Acid | Rosmarinic Acid)
REFERENCES:
(1) Bakhtian N, et al. Mounting evidence validates Ursolic Acid directly activates SIRT1: A powerful STAC which mimic endogenous activator of SIRT1. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2018 Jul
(2) Kim K, et al. Role of hypothalamus in aging and its underlying cellular mechanisms. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2018. May.
(3) Bahrami SA, et al Ursolic acid regulates aging process through enhancing of metabolic sensor proteins level. Biomed Pharmacother, 2016 Aug
(4) Kamble SM, et al. In silico Evidence for Binding of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids to Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Binding Site. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2017
(5) Wang F, et al. The Molecular Mechanism of Rosmarinic Acid Extending the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Applied Mechanics and Materilals. 2011.
(6) Forte M, et al. The Pathophysiological Role of NOX2 in Hypertension and Organ Damage. High Blood Press. Cardiovasc Prev. 2016 Dec
(7) Revoltella S, et al. Identification of the NADPH Oxidase 4 Inhibiting Principle of Lycopus europaeus. Molecules. 2018 Mar.
(8) Ramazzotti M, et al, Mechanism for the inhibition of amyloid aggregation by small ligands.Biosci Rep. 2016 Sept.
(9) Shan Y, et al. Aging as a Precipitating Factor in Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Tau Aggregation Pathology, and the Protective Effects of Rosmarinic Acid. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016
(10) Yui S, et al. Beneficial Effects of Lemon Balm Leaf Extract on In Vitro Glycation of Proteins, Arterial Stiffness, and Skin Elasticity in Healthy Adults. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017
(11) Jayanthy G, et al, Rosmarinic Acid Mediates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Insulin Resistant Skeletal Muscle Through Activation of AMPK. J Cell Biochem. 2017 Jul
Exceptional longevity in the population of Okinawa Japan is believed to be dietary, and most significantly due to their high consumption of brown seaweed. The anti-aging component in seaweed has been identified as fucoidan. Fucoidan is a sulfated molecule which has been studied extensively for health and anti-aging benefits.
HYPER LONGEVITY (Fucoidan - Brown Seaweed Extract)
REFERENCES:
(1) Irhimeh MR, et al. Fucoidan ingestion increases the expression of CXCR4 on human CD34+ cells. Exp Hematol. 2007 Jun
(2) Rahnasto-Rilla MK, et al. The Identification of a SIRT6 Activator from Brown Algae Fucus distichus. Mar Drugs. 2017 Jun
(3) Hirvonen K, et al. SIRT6 polymorphism rs117385980 is associated with longevity and healthy aging in Finnish men. BMC Med Genet. 2017 Apr
(4) Peshti V, et al. Characterization of physiological defects in adult SIRT6-/- mice. PLoS One. 2017 Apr
(5) Qin K, et al. SIRT6-mediated transcriptional suppression of Txnip is critical for pancreatic beta cell function and survival in mice. Diabetologia. 2018 Jan 10
(6) Wang X, et al. Fucoidan inhibits amyloid-β-induced toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans by reducing the accumulation of amyloid-β and decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Food Funct. 2018 Jan
(7) Vetvicka V, et al. Fucoidans Stimulate Immune Reaction and Suppress Cancer Growth. Anticancer Res. 2017 Nov
(8) Xue M, et al. The effect of fucoidan on intestinal flora and intestinal barrier function in rats with breast cancer. Food Funct. 2018 Jan 31
(9) Shi H, et al. Dietary fucoidan of Acaudina molpadioides alters gut microbiota and mitigates intestinal mucosal injury induced by cyclophosphamide. Food Funct. 2017 Sep
(10) Iraha A, et al. Fucoidan enhances intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression of claudin-1. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep